BIO 264: Anatomy and Physiology I

Course Description

BIO 264: Human Anatomy and Physiology I is the first part of a two-semester course that prepares students for further study in the health and medical fields. The second course is Bio 265: Human Anatomy and Physiology II. Both of these courses have a lab that is taken separately from the lecture portion of the course. Most students must take both the lecture portion and the lab portion to fulfill prerequisite requirements. This course is the lecture course for Bio 264. It includes 12 modules. The modules begin by examining important physiological chemistry principles. Then the course instructs students in the biology and physiology of the cell. The rest of the course will examine the nervous and muscular systems. Please note that this course is NOT acceptable for biology major credit. If you are a biology Major, you should probably be in a different course.

Learning Outcomes

Module 01: Terminology and Homeostasis

1.1 Identify and understand key terminology relating to anatomy and physiology
1.2 Demonstrate understanding and application of homeostasis as it relates to variables, control systems and feedback loops
1.3 Distinguish between negative and positive feedback loops

Module 02: Principles of Inorganic Chemistry

2.1 Define atoms in terms of subatomic particles as they relate to mass, charge and distribution and ultimately elements. Define atomic number, mass, weight and isotope.
2.2 Explain the role of electrons in differentiating among ionic, covalent (polar and non-polar) and hydrogen bonds.
2.3 Explain the role of water and salts in the body and define acid and base and the concept of pH.

Module 03: Principles of Organic Chemistry

3.1 Describe the building blocks and general structure of carbohydrates
3.2 Describe the building blocks and general structure of proteins and the four levels of protein structure
3.3 Describe the building blocks and general structure of lipids with emphasis on triglycerides and phospholipids

Module 4: Cell Biology

4.1 Explain and describe the location of eight major cellular organelles.

Module 5: Biological Membranes

5.1 Describe the chemical composition of the plasma membrane
5.2 Compare and contrast passive and active membrane transport processes.
5.3 Describe osmosis as it pertains to osmolarity and tonicity
5.4 Define the membrane potential and explain how it is established and how action potentials are related to cell function

Module 06: Introduction to The Nervous System

6.1 Explain the organization of the nervous system
6.2 Describe the neuron and how it participates in synapses
6.3 Describe the neuroglia cells of the CNS and PNS

Module 7: Skeletal Muscle

7.1 Describe the macro and micro organization of the three main types of muscle tissue
7.2 Describe the functions of the three main types of muscle tissue
7.3 Explain the molecular mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction coupling.

Module 8: Metabolism

8.1 Describe what ATP is and how it is used in the body
8.2 Explain what ATP does
8.3 Explain how ATP is made by both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
8.4 Describe Metabolism by explaining the processes of Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain.
8.5 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

Module 9: Control of Body Movement

9.1 Describe the areas involved in voluntary control of skeletal muscle
9.2 Describe the basic components of a reflex arc. Discuss how these components generate a reflex response.
9.3 Explain how all of the reflex components work together to specifically generate the stretch (muscle spindle), Golgi tendon, withdrawal, reciprocal innervation and crossed extensor reflex.

Module 10: Autonomic Nervous System

10.1 Differentiate between the central nervous system peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.
10.2 Describe the conditions when each division of the autonomic nervous system is most active
10.3 Describe the arrangement of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and ganglia
10.4 Describe the components of the enteric nervous system and its function
10.5 Explain the main neurotransmitters of the ANS and the neurons that release them
10.6 Name the main receptors of the ANS and which neurotransmitters bind to them

Module 11: Brain

11.1 Name the major regions of the brain
11.2 List the major lobes, fissures and functional regions of the cerebral cortex
11.3 Describe the locations and functions of the diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
11.4 Explain the roles of the limbic system, reticular formation and the reward center
11.5 Explain the importance of the higher brain functions of sleep and memory

Module 12: Special Senses

12.1 Describe the location, structure and function of taste receptors
12.2 Describe the olfactory pathway
12.3 Describe the structure and function of the optical and neural components of the eye
12.4 Describe how photons of light are converted to action potentials
12.5 Describe the structures of the ear and how they relate to sound transduction
12.6 Explain how the ear distinguishes between sound pitch and loudness
12.7 Describe how the semicircular canals and the otolith organs are associated with balance

Required Materials

This course does not require you to purchase a textbook. We understand the financial burdens that a student can face and we as Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) teachers want to do our part to help out. Therefore, we have created a compilation of our own readings, videos, web links, tutorials and other such digital media to help you through this course. However, we need our students to realize and understand that the materials in this course are not perfect (although they are always getting better). As we continue to improve the materials we have to offer students, it has proven useful for some students to obtain a textbook as a reference book that helps them understand difficult concepts in this course. The good news is that because any textbook purchase is only for reference, it does not matter which textbook it is and it does not matter very much edition it is. For this reason, students can often find a very good reference textbook online for quite cheap. Below are some textbooks that students have purchased in the past that have been helpful.

Anatomy and Physiology by Seeley, Stephens and Tate; Edition 8 or 9
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology by Vanputte Regan and Russo; Any edition
Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn; Editions 7 or later
Other textbooks are fine as well, just look for an Anatomy and Physiology textbook that is used for a two semester general A&P course.

It should be noted that many if not most of our students do just fine in this course without a reference textbook. Students who choose NOT to purchase a textbook learn quickly to research their questions on the internet and those students who were willing to spend the time and effort to do good internet research learn the material very well and really don't need a reference textbook. Always be sure to click on all of the icons that look like this or this or this or this or this .

These icons lead to material that has been carefully created to help you understand the materials that will be presented to you on the exams.

As we improve the materials we create for this class, we welcome input. At the bottom of each you will see an icon that represents a "Suggestion Box". If you want to make a suggestion that would improve the course, please use this icon. Please avoid the temptation to complain about things that are not likely to change (i.e. the difficulty of the course or the exams, the amount of material to learn, and stuff like that). We know the course is difficult. It has been a difficult course for many decades and is necessarily so as this course must teach the foundation science for every health care profession that we are aware of.

Watch a video that talks more about this course and some stories and suggestions that we hope inspire you to be successful in it.

Video: https://content.byui.edu/file/456bf00d-a6e0-415c-93c6- 68749b1cdae1/1/Introduction_to_A_and_P.mp4

Computer with Internet

Access It is your responsibility to arrange use of a computer with internet access. (The higher speed you have for your internet access, the easier the course will be for you to complete.)

Online Only Students Microphone and Earphones

You are required to have a microphone for your computer and a set of earphones that will work with your computer and the online meeting tool (Adobe Connect).

Grading Exams

five proctored lecture exams (each worth 100 points)
one proctored comprehensive final (100 points)

Notes from Readings

Notes from Readings are worth extra credit. Each module contains vital readings housed within the Study Guide. In order to perform well within this course and subsequent Biology courses, it is critical that you complete the readings for each module. Your notes will need to be in your own words and represent what you are learning as based on the course readings. By taking notes, you will be better prepared to take the practice quizzes, to engage within the module's Collaboration Board, and to take your exams. (12 points total)

Collaboration Board

Collaboration Boards will be worth extra credit. The Collaboration Board has two purposes:

To allow the instructor flexibility of adding additional case studies or thought provoking ideas and
To allow the students a platform to discuss challenging practice questions.

Participate daily by asking questions, answering questions, or responding to ideas or case studies presented by the instructor. Consider this an opportunity to improve your understanding and to deepen your thinking as you learn from one another in preparation for the exams you will take. (12 points total)

Practice Quizzes

You will need to complete multiple practice quizzes for each module. You will have two attempts and I-Learn will take your highest score. If you don't complete the quizzes by the due date, you will still be able to complete the quizzes for practice, but won't be awarded any points. Completing each practice quiz will allow you to more thoroughly prepare yourself for the exams. (50 points total)

Instructor/Student Conference

Within the first few modules of the course, you will be asked to meet with your instructor to discuss your progress. Your instructor will inform the class when they are ready to set up online appointments. Make sure to come prepared to this meeting so that your instructor can address any of your questions or concerns.

Total Points

There are 650 points possible in this course with an extra 24 possible points of extra credit. The course grade will be determined by:

five proctored lecture exams (500 points)
one proctored comprehensive final (100 points)
Notes from readings (12 points) *extra credit
Collaboration Boards (12 points) *extra credit
Practice Quizzes (50 points)

You are responsible for your learning, so be engaged and be involved in completing all the preparatory work so that you will perform well on the exams.

Academic Dishonesty

There are other forms of academic dishonesty besides cheating and plagiarism. Please read through the examples listed. This is not an all-inclusive list but is a sample of what is still considered dishonest, including sharing course quiz questions with online quiz and testing sites.

From the Student Honor Office

Inadvertent plagiarism involves the inappropriate, but non-deliberate, use of another's words, ideas, or data without proper attribution. Although not a violation of the Honor Code, it is a form of academic misconduct for which an instructor can impose appropriate academic sanctions.

Continuing work on an examination or assignment after the allocated time has elapsed.
Submitting the same work for more than one class without disclosure and approval.
Getting equal credit on group assignments when equal work was not done.
Using unauthorized materials during an examination or while completing an assignment.
Collaborating on an examination or assignment without authorization.
Obtaining or providing to another a test or answers to a test that has not been administered.

Directions for Taking Proctored Lecture Exams

To help you understand what is required for proctored exams a Testing Center Consensus must be completed before you can continue with your module studies. This is found under module 1 and is due the same day everything in the module is due.

There will be 6 proctored exams in this course

You are required to take these tests in a proctored setting. If you live within a 30-minute drive to Rexburg, Idaho, you will follow the first set of instructions. If you cannot drive to Rexburg to take the test, you will follow the second set of instructions.

For Those Who Live Within a 30-Minute Drive of Rexburg

If you are within a 30-minute drive to Rexburg, you are required to take the exams on campus. Read the following web page to get more information on the testing hours and locations.

http://www.byui.edu/testing-services

You are responsible for knowing when the testing centers are open and when they close. You should plan on spending at least 120 minutes to take this exam; however, the test is not timed, so you can spend a longer time on it if needed. Keep in mind the testing center hands out the last test an hour before it closes, and please note that the center closes early on Monday. Please refer to the Schedule for the correct exam schedule for the current semester. It is your responsibility to make sure that you take the test within the outlined time frame.

Online Only Students For Those Who Cannot Drive to Rexburg to Take the Exam

If you cannot drive to the BYU-Idaho campus to take the exam, you will need to make arrangements to have someone proctor your test. You are NOT required to take this exam in a university testing center or other professional testing center. Read the following web pages to get directions on who may act as a proctor. Please note that you will need to submit the "Proctor Request Form" at least two days before you plan on taking the exam. Also, as you fill out the proctor request form, make sure the proctor's email is correct!

Find and request an approved proctor here:

http://www.byui.edu/testing-services/proctoring

You can take the exam any time between the time frame as outlined on the schedule. The test will open at 8 a.m MT the day the exam opens the test will close automatically at 8:30 p.m MT. on the day the exam closes. If you have not submitted your test by that time, you will not receive a grade for the exam. It is your responsibility to make arrangements with the proctor to take the test. If you have any questions about your proctor or the exam, please contact your instructor. Use the link below to take the exam.

Grading Scale

Letter Grade	Percent
A	93% - 100%
A-	90% - 92%
B+	87% - 89%
B	83% - 86%
B-	80% - 82%
C+	77% - 79%
C	73% - 76%
C-	70% - 72%
D+	67% - 69%
D	63% - 66%
D-	60% - 62%
F	Less than 60%

Course Policies

You should read the following course policies and make sure that you understand what these policies mean to you regarding your interactions with the instructor and other students in this course. If you have questions about any of these policies, you should contact your instructor immediately.

Course Assignments

On average, it takes approximately 9-12 hours to complete all the learning activities for each module. This is the amount of time that you should expect to put into this class each week if you want to get a passing (C) grade. If you want a higher grade, you may need to put in more study time. In order to keep up with the assignments and learn the most from this class, you should make sure you schedule regular time each day to study for this class. With this course, there is no "time off" for holidays that might occur during the week. Consequently, you should make sure to arrange your study schedule so that any holiday activities do not keep you from completing learning activities.

Late Policy

Students should not ask instructors to extend deadlines or allow makeups. However, it is understood that emergencies happen. It is the responsibility of the student to notify the instructor of such emergencies. If the student fails to notify the instructor of an emergency a late test will be rewarded but docked one letter grade.

Personal Honor

In this class, our interactions with each other should be guided at all times by the following principles of personal honor:

Principles of Personal Honor -- "True at all Times"

Personal honor is integrity in fulfilling commitments, responsibilities, and covenants.
Personal honor begins with willing obedience and is fully developed when we consistently govern ourselves by true principles.
Personal honor increases spiritual strength through the ministry of the Holy Ghost.
Personal honor is central to every aspect of our lives, including the BYUIdaho experience.
Personal honor brings us joy and happiness; deepens our desire to love, serve, and lift others; and ultimately helps us to become more like the Savior.

You should make sure that you understand the above principles of personal honor. It is important for all class members to strive to follow the above principles in our associations with one another.

If you have any questions about how Personal Honor is related to academic honesty or the university's Dress and Grooming Standards, you may visit the University Standards web page (http://www.byui.edu/student-honor-office/ces-honor-code) to get more information.

Students with Disabilities

BYU-Idaho is committed to providing a working and learning atmosphere which reasonably accommodates qualified persons with disabilities. If you have any disability which may impair your ability to complete this course successfully, please contact the Services for Students with Disabilities Office by phone at 208-496-9210 or via email at disabilityservices@byui.edu. Reasonable academic accommodations are reviewed for all students who have qualified documented disabilities. Services are coordinated with the student and instructor by this office. If you need assistance or feel you have been unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of disability, you may seek resolution through established policy and procedures. Contact the Human Resources Office at 208-496-1700 or via email at humanresources@byui.edu.

We have made every attempt to make this course accessible as possible. This course contains a large amount of images, videos, and interactive assignments. Exams have images that won't have alternative text because the purpose is for students to identify the image on their own. If you have any disability which may impair your ability to complete this course, please contact the Disabilities Services (208-496-9210).

Sexual Harassment

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination against any participant in an educational program which receives federal funds, including federal loans and grants. Title IX also covers student-to-student sexual harassment. If you encounter unlawful sexual harassment or gender based discrimination, please contact the Human Resources Office at 208-496- 1700 or via email at humanresources@byui.edu.